Inventions and Discoveries of Ancient Greek Scientists

Gun Control Gun Control - 1064 Words

Gun control has been a prevalent issue in the United States since its early years, but has recently taken the spotlight as one of the most controversial, and debated topics in the country with the rise of alarming cases and accessible statistics. Because of our constitution, the right to bear arms has endured throughout the years with little revision. Republicans tend to argue strongly in favor of this amendment on the basis of constitutional right and the need for self-defense. (Waldman, 2017). However, the current lax system of background checks requirements for purchase of a firearm have contributed to numerous casualties and cannot stand without reform. In 2017 alone, 13,899 deaths have occurred at the expense of a gun in the United†¦show more content†¦Because of our current system, individuals with a questionable criminal record, the mentally unstable, and members of society simply unfit to purchase a gun are able to take advantage of the second amendment. For example, the Virginia Tech mass shooting that took place in 2007, as well as the mass shooting at a church in Charleston South Carolina in 2016 both occurred on the basis of the purchase of a firearm without a formal background check being issued to the suspect (Chuck, 2015). In both cases, both men held a record that would have been deemed questionable had a thorough background check been issued. A problem America faces in making progress for reform is the loss of interest from the American public. There are sparks in support of firmer gun laws after mass shootings or notable tragedy’s, but this interest fades over time and Congress makes no changes. According to Connecticut Senator Chris Murphy, â€Å"The thoughts and prayers of politicians are cruelly hollow if they are paired with continued legislative indifference, (Bradner, 2017). Those pushing for legislative change are frustrated with the amount of American lives that need to be lost in order to send a message to Congress th at moves them to action. In the United States under our current political system, the process of ratifying a billShow MoreRelatedGun control1657 Words   |  7 Pages Does gun control reduce crime rate? Abstract Over the past few months, people across the nation have been debating about gun control. Topics ranging from firearm restrictions to background checks have been heavily discussed by both emotion and logic, by both gun supporters and gun control activists, and it seems like there is no middle ground for both parties to agree on. Crime rates influence guns demanded for self-protection, and guns demanded by criminalsRead MoreGun Control3838 Words   |  16 PagesGun Control Group Project â€Å"Guns in America† Gun Control Group Project Opinions In the United States of America, we as citizens have the right to bear arms, provided to us by the second amendment to the U.S. constitution, and are part of the United States Bill of Rights. Most American’s still believe that it is our right to bear arms, while a growing number of Americans believe that there should be better gun control regarding this matter. A rising trend has begun on Capitol Hill and allRead MoreGun Control Against Or For? Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesHopsin Gun Control Against or For? 9/21/2015 In the United States gun control has become very important, every time you watch the news or read the newspaper you hear about gun related violence in the U.S. It isn’t just war, suicide, and gang related incidents, it is kids killing kids. On February 29, 2000 there was six year old boy who accidently killed a classmate, who was also six years old. Prior that day the two children was witnessed to have been a in a fight and the boy brought the gun to simplyRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1199 Words   |  5 Pagesissue in the Americas is the problem of gun control and if guns should be allowed. Many Americans will argue that since it is allowed in the Second Amendment there should be no argument that the people should be allowed to own guns. Others will say there should be gun control because many crimes committed are with guns. On the other hand it could be seen as criminals still finding some way of getting guns albeit through smuggling or some other way of obtaining guns which would lead to more issues becauseRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1453 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control. Just the mention of those two words together is usually enough to start a riot between sides. Those for stricter gun control and those who want better reform with out having the government grip tighten are locked in a political battle with each side using the same weapons. Both sides look to the recent shootings as a banner for their viewpoint and neither side is willing to consider the opposition’s view. This has lead to a rift in the political theater, and a rift across America. Read MoreThe Matter Of Gun Control1816 Words   |  8 Pagesmatter of gun control has become an increasingly controversial issue. Whenever, a nationalized tragedy ensues that involves gun violence, the question on what to accomplish regarding America’s gun control takes center stage. While exploring this topic, this essay will attempt to discuss the circumstances that prohibit a person from possessing firearms, also regulations to prevent these persons from possessing firearms. Upon reflecting on the personal side of the gun control debate, stricter gun controlRead MorePolitics and Gun Control Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesa Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. -U. S. Constitution, Amendment II Over 200 years ago, when the Founding Fathers drafted the Second Amendment, no one ever questioned the need for private gun ownership. The founders at that time had considered that private firearms were efficient to protecting personal liberty, both as a means of opposing foreign threats and also as a check against excessive government power. â€Å"The founders were passionatelyRead MoreGun Control And The United States1900 Words   |  8 PagesGun control is the term that describes the use of law to limit people access to any kind of guns, rifles, firearm, etc. through passing law that required checking of criminal record background before purchasing a gun to be registered and many other methods. Many people in American have strong feeling about gun control. The victims of gun violence are high in numbers in the United States of America compared with other countries. Every year, Americans have to bear the massive tragedies of shootingsRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws Ess ay1578 Words   |  7 Pages GUN CONTROL LAWS There is a need in this country for gun control laws as well as benefits for the citizenry who own them. With the current state of our society these days, owning a gun has become a necessity for some, if not all, household. I, myself, conform for every household having a gun. Although we have our police force always ready to rescue anyone in distress, every second matters when we are facing face to face with danger. Granted that the authorities are already underway, having somethingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1806 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The boundaries of the Second Amendment do not coincide with the boundaries of gun control† (Blocher and Miller, 2016, p.296). Guns and the idea of gun control have been a high valued topic, between the Federal Government and state governments since the beginning of the 20th century. How strictly guns should be regulated is a common topic between the Federal Government and state governments, especially with the increase in mas s shootings over the years. Although there are regulations set by the

Improving the Management Introducing New Technology to CKC Setting

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Improving the Management through Introducing New Technology to CKC Setting? Answer: Introduction In this project, the main idea would be to improve the management with new technology on Community Knowledge Centers (CKC). CKC provides a platform that is authentic and provides an online resource that will inspire and connect citizens, media and policy makers to the need of a community (Aguinis 2013). It also makes good opportunities by promoting awareness and understanding the charitable activities to a target audience. The main purpose of the research would be to get accurate information and data with the help of management through decision-making, future planning and forecasting. Rationale of the topic While conducting the research, the field of better management would be to modernize the traditional method of management that will improve the business performance and the quality to meet deadline (Hudson 2013). The research also helps to investigate effectiveness of technology by contributing management in pre-school field. Thus, the main issue is that lack of proper data and information is affecting the management team at CKC nursery. Research Aim The aim of the research is to improve the management by introducing new technology through CKC setting. Research questions What are the ways to increase the operation of CKC nursery with the use of new technology on decision-making? How to reduce the time consumption by swapping traditional methods that will ease access information? What are the ways to build an effective communication between parents and pre-school management using new technology? Research methodology The researcher has used different types of methodology in the research that includes face-to-face interviews, questionnaires and focuses groups. As CKC is a small setting group, it would be beneficial for involving parents, staffs, board of trust in generating more information and ideas. It would also benefit the research by choosing research philosophies, approaches, strategies and designs (6 and Bellamy 2012). However, the researcher has taken primary and secondary data to meet the objectives under data collection method. In order, the researcher has assumed primary and secondary data to analyze a validity of the research in identifying proper objectives. In this research, the researcher has taken survey strategy to highlight the purpose of the research through interviews, graphs and case studies. This will also assume a better understating of the research with the help of suitable outcomes. Action plan Subject Area Priority Activity Measurements Suggested completion date Comments and dates Face to face interviews 1 Making targeted questions that will be short and easy to understand Making at least 10 interviews 20 March 2016 Surveys Questionnaire 2 Formulating questionnaires and sharing it to the targeted people. Completed 20 surveys 15 March 2016 Ethical considerations The researcher has made some considerations that will be effective in minimizing the possible harms that occur throughout the research. Here, the information is treated with proper justice by bringing fairness to the conveyed topic. Moreover, the personal data and other information would be kept confidential (Al 2013). Carry out the Research Project Activity Here, the idea would be to evaluate the research activities by taking into consideration in improving the management through introducing new technology to CKC setting. Here, the researcher works as a finance officer in this private charitable nursery. This would also plan for development in terms of financial, human and physical resources (Wells 2013). In order, the tools for methodology are also explained. Financial resources This is an economic perspective that includes the attributes such as public finance, business finance and personal finance. Here, the business funds include cash and deposits with equivalence to securities and checks (Abu Hasan et al. 2013). In order, the corporate capital includes the sum of money invested on organizations total assets and foreign capital. Moreover, introducing new technology to CKC nursery might be costly at first but its long-term investment will improve its management utility. Thus, CKC has a budget of 7500 to spend and introduce new technology for setting new ideas (Alexandrou 2013). Items Expenses CCTV cameras 1200 Childcare management software 1400 Training and development 1000 Monitoring screen 2000 Tablets 1500 Touch screen receptor 400 Total 7500 Table 1: Financial data of CKC nursery Human resources This is the set of individuals, which will make up a workforce of an organization in terms of business economy and human capital (Alirezaei 2013). CKC nursery will play an important role in developing it better by making a success factor provided by its employees. Human resources also build a better understanding by having employment relations on workforce and sustaining it through good work practices. However, operations and administration helps in strategic planning component (Bashevis and Weidenseld 2013). This would also recognize a need for considering HR needs in strategies and goals. In order, the factors effecting human resource planning includes business location, environmental uncertainties, business location, expansion, etc. Physical resources Physical resources would encompass a variety of specific terms and objects depending on the nature of business. It includes distribution networks, IT equipments, machinery and other systems. Under CKC setting, the physical assets would be specific to develop the nursery with proper facilities (Bates 2012). Effective management of a physical resource may be an important consideration to business because the physical infrastructure effects the environmental requirements, power usage and other monitoring systems of CKC nursery. However, the business needs will ensure the equipment such as IT facilities, tablets, etc that will fit correctly to increase sales (Dicko and El Ibrami 2013). Implementing new technology by getting benefits using traditional method in management Introducing technological change into the organization will present a different challenge by using a traditional method to management under the administration facilities. It is observed that the managers are responsible for making a technical innovation through better equipped by education. It also experiences to guide innovation and development to manage its implementation under the child nurseries. Thus, those who manage the technological change often serve as a platform for technical developers and implementers (Torrance 2014). Here, the organization develops the technology with the help of technically skilled but has knowledge about the areas of application of using the traditional method. Tools in methodology The researcher has chosen several surveys and questionnaires that will be easy to provide a proper answer. The researcher helps to make relevant questionnaires that will represent the target population with suitable outcomes. However, the researcher has taken 20 surveys and 10 interviews in the CKC nursery through a charitable foundation. It would be ideal if the implementation confronts through questionnaire forms with technological effect (Alvesson and Sandberg 2013). In order, questionnaires are developed with instant reviews among the staffs, trustees and parents. Thus, the research forms a static idea with the help of primary and secondary data. Primary data This consists of valid information that would be available while conducting the research. However, the researcher has provided an insight by reviewing the secondary research and analyzing it by collecting primary data. It is also accomplished by various methods that include telephonic interviews, experimental methods, observations, and market research. The distinction of primary and secondary research would be crucial if market research professionals entertain this (Armitage 2012). Under primary research, it includes quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data contains surveys, experiments, simulation and mechanical observations. Surveys include personal interviews, mails, telephonic calls, email, web, etc. On the other hand, the qualitative data includes focused groups, case studies, human observations and individual depth interviews (Biddle and Emmett 2013). Here, greater control would enable the marketer to focus on the specific subjects. It also enables the researche r in deciding the requirements that are imposed on timeframe and goals of CKC setting. Secondary data It involves the collation of existing research other than primary research. Here, the data is collected from research subjects and experiments. Secondary data includes information collected from the governmental organizations, organizational data and records, and information from governmental departments (Chandra and Sharma 2013). Secondary data analysis can effectively save time and provides a justification that is evitable to capture changes associated on developments related to past. However, CKCs data collection is based on the different tools, which executes with secondary data in finding suitable software used in nursery management. Secondary data is obtained from different sources like information collected through censuses, tax records, progress reports and internal searches (Corti 2012). Figure 1: Primary and secondary data sources (Source: Fiorito, Scheall and Suprinyak 2015) Questionnaire/ surveys Survey method is a data gathering method utilized for interpreting, collecting and analyzing different views of a people or a group within the target population. Surveys are used in the field of the research like sociology, marketing research, Psychology and politics. It also gathers information by using statistical techniques under quantitative research (Fram 2014). Moreover, in a survey research, a questionnaire comprises of questions that is asked by the participants in referral to the ideas and behaviors, traits, preferences, facts and attitudes. It would be effective if a questionnaire administers with a variety of modes like face-to-face, paper and pencil works, telephonic usage and computerized material. However, computerized questionnaire is a mode of online survey (Gobo 2011). Here, the participants are to answer a question that is posted through internet. Findings of the data In this area, the researcher has analyzed several questionnaires by interpreting the results of a small charitable nursery where there is 50 children, 100 parents, 14 staffs and 5 trustees. The researcher has analyzed several questionnaires in quantitative and qualitative form to distinguish the results of the researcher has received. Quantitative questionnaires for Children, Parents, Trustees and Staffs Qualitative questionnaires Questionnaires for children Question 1 What is the age group of children? Options Total number of respondents 3-18 months 20 18 months- 3 years 20 3-5 20 Question 2 How far have you been satisfied that operation of CKC nursery would be helpful for decision-making? Options Total number of respondents Strongly satisfied 20 Satisfied 20 Neutral 20 Dissatisfied 20 Strongly dissatisfied 20 Questionnaires for parents Question 3 What is the gender of Parents? Options Total number of respondents Male 20 Female 20 Question 4 How far have you been satisfied that improving the management would be helpful for introducing new technology in the CKC setting? Options Total number of respondents Strongly satisfied 20 Satisfied 20 Neutral 20 Dissatisfied 20 Strongly dissatisfied 20 Questionnaire for Staffs Question 5 How far do you agree that increasing the performance of the management would be effective in decision-making for staffs? Options Total number of respondents Strongly agree 20 Agree 20 Neutral 20 Disagree 20 Strongly disagree 20 Question 6 What are the areas for getting accurate information that will help the management in CKC setting for the staffs? Options Total number of respondents Decision-making process 20 Forecasting 20 Future planning 20 Introducing new technology 20 Questionnaires for trustees Question 7 What is the annual income of trustees? Options Total number of respondents Below 1million 20 1- 10 million 20 10-20 million 20 20 million 20 Question 8 How far do you believe that trustees have a good opinion for improving technology in CKC setting? Options Total number of respondents Strongly believe 20 Believe 20 Neutral 20 Disbelieve 20 Strongly disbelieve 20 Qualitative questionnaires Question 1 What are the benefits from introducing new technology to a small nursery that is using traditional method in its management? Question 2 How would you build an effective communication between parents and the pre-school management? Record and collate relevant data This part analyses the data relating to the research. It would be expected that the researcher would use different types of methods to specify the research proposal. Besides, the researcher is able to propose and agree on the modifications made through data collection procedure (Goodson, Loveless and Stephens 2012). Under the event, the purpose of the research remains effective if the program would entertain a large scale of research activity. Under these, the researcher has included two segments that are as follows: Knowledge and understanding Here, the nature of the research will execute a plan for the research program. Moreover, there are relevant ethical issues that have access to the data (Frost 2012). It would be reliable if the organizational progress meets necessary criteria in making an interpretation of the research results under unavoidable circumstances. Performance criteria This would assess the research information by making a reliability and validity in analyzing a suitable outcome. In order, taking appropriate steps would overcome the obstacles in collecting the data (Graal 2012). Section 3 Present the Research Project Report Introduction In this topic, the researcher has taken a platform that improves the management by introducing new technologies for community centers (Lange and Meaney 2013). This would provide a detailed view of the ideas in upgrading a system that will fit best to provide good areas by improvement management facilities to the policy makers, staffs, donors and others. Here, the main purpose of the research is to improve the management by introducing new technology on knowledge-based areas. This would also create awareness among the people by increasing performance among the individuals through professional development (Hudson 2013). In order, the workshop provides an arena for enhancing communication by including fund development strategies to the active citizens through investment and capital. Background of the study The background of the study develops an operation plan that will help to influence the target audience of community-based areas by introducing new technology (Mattone 2013). Under the technological plans, there may be effective budget, good database, buffering groups and other technological fund. Improving technology with the virtue of management will increase the performance of individuals through decision-making procedure. In order, this will adapt the basic programs associated by developing training programs, recruitment, selection and other criteria (Nielsen and Hunter 2013). Moreover, the information acquired through technology will help to adapt changes like good computer securities, good recognition among the customers, good productivity, etc. Rationale for the project topic The researcher identifies a rationale of the topic by assuming key issues in CKC setting in the nursery. As opined by Green, (2011), training the nursery kids will help the community programs to drive an orientation through participation and a knowledge based society. In order, reducing illiteracy would be helpful for maintaining a lifelong learning. In order, the management will help the staffs and the children by tracking electronically and involve the parents for their childs development. The topic overcomes if there would be no prior information and accurate data, a state of establishment is required for making a decision that will be accurate. Moreover, accurate data would be difficult to produce and compile a database for measurement. In order, without proper assistance for planning, there would be rise of complications among the respondents in CKC nursery (Hammersley 2014). Literature review Importance of professional development Professional development is an area that makes progression on the career of individuals. It is also competitive and employable on all sectors. Professional development entertains a valid point where development takes place systematically. In everyday life, to maximize potential of lifetime employability, there may be high levels of professional competence that improves knowledge and skills relatively. As explained by Paladino (2013), developing a personal portfolio would make a relevance to the current job and continue the career ambitiously. Thus, taking an initiative will focus on the professional development through aligning key objectives that are as follows: An ability to recognize the opportunities Making trends and directions in society and technology Becoming confident on the future employability Having a career that will fulfill needs and desires Influencing the market place and able to help others In many nursery, professional development is an opportunity that will experience an informal learning experience (Swaffield 2014). It would be vital if maintaining the current competencies would seek a greater degree on promotion and development. It also attains a balance by creating a wider professional recognition through increasing demands for accountability, new technologies, a need for diversification and rising tides of legislation and regulations. Whatever the aim would be, it will draw up a good career plan (Ters 2014). Thus, maintaining the records on professional development would be successful. However, to continue education and professional development, the learning barriers include: Learning about the latest trends in education and discipline Receiving an instruction is independent on procedures and practices in a classroom. Staying on the top of the industry will be specific through the learning curve Feeling professional would make an intervention on educational programs (Torrance 2014). Professional development in business would assist the respondents to make an identity for continuing long-term progression and development. As argued by Wells (2013), the membership of an industry will make an effective role for business liabilities. This distinguishes the status of business and increases chances of promotion with the help of training opportunities and events. Moreover, professional development in business provides working skills through a workshop. This includes consultation process, coaching, mentoring, reflective supervision, technical assistance, reflective supervision and community practices for development (Zeff and Characklis 2013). Professional development for parents would form a community that enhances in providing training for parents of school-age children or the parenting education. In order, the schools generally do not provide professional development for parents and would focus on the orientation of students education (Swaffield 2014). Professional development is one of the effective ways where learning event grows phenomenally in analyzing students learning problems, develop solutions and addressing students need. To track an event, professional development would occur during regular school days, during summer and other school breaks, and educators own time. Moreover, educators benefit the learning area through third parties, local sites, national conferences, workshops and seminars. As explained by Nielsen and Hunter (2013), online professional development would be useful in observing the video observations on leadership and effective teaching. Online professional development also provides real-time d iscussion among the participant and interactive discussions among experts and participants. To make professional development effective, the educators enable the criteria of skills and knowledge to vary the students learning areas. Professional development also requires a thoughtful planning to provide a feedback to ensure educators in learning process. Thus, it would be effective if the teacher improves the administrator with proper instructions and facilitate learning and development Graal (2012). Moreover, a leadership analyses achieving data for identifying learning problems for providing learning grades that would overcome the research for further distinction. Research methodology This section will develop a methodological outline by incorporating ideas, concepts and theories associated to the research. In order, the researcher will gather effective information that would be efficient in conducting the research successfully (Hantrais 2014). In this research, the researcher has taken positivism philosophy, deductive research approach, descriptive design and survey strategy to incorporate the research ideas. Research strategy To make the research effective, survey strategy is taken to produce effective outcomes in organizing data by gathering relevant information (Popping 2012). In order, to gain an in-depth knowledge, the researcher faces several strategies to get positive results in this topic. However, the survey strategy holds to gather positive results concerning the issues while conducting the research. In order, the research strategy would follow ethical principles in analyzing the potential issues faced in the research with informed consent (Preser 2014). Data collection methods Data collection method is a process of measuring and gathering variables through an established manner (Rostron 2013). It establishes answers to the relevant questions asked during the research. In order, the goal for this method is to answer the questions regarding the research analytics. This includes primary and secondary methods. Primary data Statistical data is a source for primary data that is collected from various observations and through direct communication procedure. It also enhances by aligning key advantages through direct personal observations, indirect oral interviews, mailed questionnaire method, scheduled methods and observations from the local agents (Ryen and Gobo 2011). The direct personal interview provides accurate information that influences the data responsively whereas the indirect oral interviews is time saving as it creates confidence on accurate data. Moreover, the mailed questionnaires are short and clear (Salaberry and Comajoan 2013). Primary data collection comprises of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Quantitative methods emphasize the orientation of research with the help of numerical, mathematical and statistical analysis. This would be evaluated by making an orientation through descriptive and experimental methods. It is analyzed by making questionnaire forms with tables, figures and calculations (Salkind 2012). On the other hand, qualitative data collection is represented by direct interaction of the groups. This method also provides an explanation by including stenography, audio recording, video recording, and written notes. Moreover, this method is illustrated by forming interviews, annual reports, conversations and content analysis. Secondary data Secondary data is another type of quantitative data that is collected for different purposes in examining annual school testing reports, government health statistics and data supplied by a marketing organization. Secondary data analysis interprets information from paper- based sources and electronic sources (Sullivan 2014). It includes directories from books, journals, abstracts, research reports, conferences, annual reports, newspaper and magazines, online databases, videos and broadcasts. Sampling methods Sampling methods provides a selection procedure that would be reliable for executing the research. This includes probability and non-probability sampling methods. In this research, the researcher has taken probability-sampling method to execute the study in an effective manner. It also attains a degree of judgment by minimizing possible areas in this research (Supino and Borer 2012). Here, the researcher has taken 20 respondents ( 4staffs, 10 parents, and 6 trustees) in the CKC nursery through a charitable foundation and taken 10 members (2 Staffs, 4 parents, 4 trustees) to view the interviewing section through qualitative part with desirable statements and views. Research limitations The researcher has faced some barriers while conducting the research with prior information in making a progression. This would be ideal if there is an involvement of time limitation and finance limitation. However, to gain the viewpoint of researcher, the shortcomings of research makes a valid point to sustain reliable data, time constraints and sample size (Zanutto 2013). Ethical Considerations The researcher has shown an ethical way to conduct the research and pay proper attention to the ethical issues. Here, the respondents would enjoy active participation in order to make the data confidential. However, there are certain rules and regulations that would be appropriate during the course study (Salkind 2012). The researcher has also followed data protection act that will keep the information secret in an effective manner. Scope for future research Based on the current research study, the CKC setting of the nursery can be improved with better facilities. In order, the scope of the research will be effective to design facilities. With the help of secondary data, CKC setting will enhance the business performance by aligning traditional methods that will ease information through forecasting, decision-making and proper planning (Rostron, 2013). Analysis of the data The researcher has taken quantitative and qualitative questionnaires of section 2 to develop an understanding in this research. It would be empirical if proper analysis and justification is enhanced through the literary outcomes. Quantitative questions Questionnaires for children Question 1 What is the age group of children? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents 3-18 months 5 25 20 18 months- 3 years 12 60 20 3-5 3 15 20 Analysis In this section, the age group of the children in the charitable nursery is configured by a percentage that would be greater. The 3-18 age group year includes 25% whereas age group of 18 months- 3 years includes 60 % whereas the age group of 3-5 includes 15%. The age group of children will be helpful in analyzing the number by the other members of the CKC nursery that includes staffs and the trustees. Question 2 How far have you been satisfied that operation of CKC nursery would be helpful for decision-making? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Strongly satisfied 3 18 20 Satisfied 1 6 20 Neutral 2 12 20 Dissatisfied 5 29 20 Strongly dissatisfied 6 35 20 Analysis The researcher has improved operation of CKC nursery by adding decision-making process with the help of new technology. The parents are strongly satisfied that evolve with 18% whereas the satisfied members include 6%. Moreover, the neutral respondents evolve with a 12%. Moreover, dissatisfied parents include 29% while those who are strongly satisfied evolve with 35% respectively. This will help to initialize further development through bringing new techniques from the traditional method. Questionnaires for parents Question 3 What is the gender of Parents? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Male 12 80 20 Female 3 20 20 Analysis The gender of the parents under the charitable nursery includes a good percentage through CKC setting. It evolves good as the male respondents include 80% whereas the female members include a percentage of 20%. The gender will analyze the number of male and female parents of the children in CKC setting. Question 4 How far have you been satisfied that improving the management would be helpful for introducing new technology in the CKC setting? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Strongly satisfied 3 15 20 Satisfied 2 10 20 Neutral 4 20 20 Dissatisfied 5 25 20 Strongly dissatisfied 6 30 20 Analysis The idea the researcher has improved through the management would be helpful in introducing a new technology under the CKC setting. The parents are strongly satisfied that evolve with 15% whereas the satisfied members include 10%. Moreover, the neutral respondents evolve with a 20%. Moreover, dissatisfied parents include 25% while those who are strongly satisfied evolve with 30% respectively. Thus, improving the management would be helpful by introducing new techniques that avails market opportunity among the parents. Questionnaire for Staffs Question 5 How far do you agree that increasing the performance of the management would be effective in decision-making for staffs? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Strongly agree 3 23 20 Agree 2 15 20 Neutral 1 8 20 Disagree 4 31 20 Strongly disagree 3 23 20 Analysis of Question 5 In this section, the increasing performance of the management would be effective in decision-process in CKC setting under charitable trust. The staffs that strongly agree evolve with 23% whereas those agree evolve with 15% respectively. In order, the neutral areas include a percentage of 8% and those who disagree evolve with 31%. In order, those respondents that strongly disagrees evolve with 23% respectively. Thus, increasing the performance of the management helps the staffs and make good availability in decision-making process by looking at the staffs of CKC setting. Question 6 What are the areas for getting accurate information that will help the management in CKC setting for the staffs? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Decision-making process 4 20 20 Forecasting 7 35 20 Future planning 4 20 20 Introducing new technology 5 25 20 Analysis To get accurate information, there would be a good way to restrain the policies of the management in CKC setting. The decision process among the staffs includes 20% whereas forecasting includes 35%. In order, future planning includes a percentage of 20% and introducing new technology evolves with 25%. Here, decision-making and planning are the two concepts that would be reliable in introducing new plans for development. Questionnaires for trustees Question 7 What is the annual income of trustees? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Below 1million 5 25 20 1- 10 million 7 35 20 10-20 million 5 25 20 20 million 3 15 20 Analysis In this section, the annual income of the trustees in the charitable nursery that is below 1 million is 25% whereas those, which belong to 1-10 million belongs to 35% respectively. In order, there are 10-20 million includes 25% and those fall in the group of 20 million evolve as 15% respectively. Thus, the more the income would be, the higher would be the growth of the charitable foundation of the nursery. Question 8 How far do you believe that trustees have a good opinion for improving technology in CKC setting? Options Number of respondents Frequency (in %) Total number of respondents Strongly believe 4 20 20 Believe 3 15 20 Neutral 3 15 20 Disbelieve 5 25 20 Strongly disbelieve 5 25 20 Analysis The section includes the trustees that have a strong opinion in improving the CKC setting on charitable nursery. Here, the trustees that strongly believe evolve as 20%, whereas those believe include as 40%. In order, the neutral venues include a percentage of 20 whereas those who disbelieve include as 20% and the sections that strongly disbelieve evolve as 20% respectively. Thus, improving new technology would be effective in development and bringing plans that would be suitable for introducing technological changes. Qualitative questions Question 1 What are the benefits from introducing new technology to a small nursery that is using traditional method in its management? Technology plays an important role to the nurseries in CKC setting. Since technology has developed effectively in transforming the business, this will manage and develop ideas by seeking internal knowledge. The first staff has created an environmental free area where children can practice new business roles. In order, the third parent has developed a paradigm that would assist children to use traditional method under the management. It functions effectively, if channel partners create an event to modernize business process under the CKC setting. The sixth trustee has developed a technique where using games in the playground of the nursery will be an effective area for management. The eighth parent has found a program that will make new game plans for development whereas the tenth trustee has revised the same policy. Question 2 How would you build an effective communication between parents and the pre-school management? There are positive benefits where children can produce effective communication between parents and the pre-school management. The second parent has stated that parents benefit from the children's education by getting new ideas from school. It also helps to support their children and by learning more about the school's academic program. Besides, the fourth trustee and the ninth staff have developed a two-way communication between families and schools that is necessary for childs success. Opportunities include parent conferences, emails, phone calls, etc. Moreover, the fifth parent has developed a personal contact between children and parents by telephonic calls, home visits and others. The seventh trustee has laid a technique where there will be possible areas of building communication among parents and school through using video calls. Summary of Findings Since CKC setting will plan for future development in the nursery in UK by forming a small charitable trust, it would forecast changes through future planning and increase in business performance. Moreover, building an effective channel of communication between parents and management will establish a good link for their childs progress. In order, inspiring the online resources under CKC setting will develop the childs future by promoting awareness and the activities that lead towards development. The researcher has conducted an empirical research to increase the decision process of individuals in meeting a technological alliance through financial, human and physical resources. As opined by Zanutto (2013), there may be technologies frames, which include a long-term investment procedure towards management utility and setting new ideas on learning and development. Moreover, the human resources would build a workforce that will create work practice through strategic planning and initiali ze human resource planning needs. Subject Area Priority Activity Measurements Suggested completion date Comments and dates Face to face interviews 1 Making targeted questions that will be short and easy to understand Making at least 10 interviews 20 March 2016 Surveys Questionnaire 2 Formulating questionnaires and sharing it to the targeted people. Completed 20 surveys 15 March 2016 Personal and organizational resources to the research project needs The personal and organizational resources will be described through financial, human and physical resources. Financial resources This is an economic perspective that includes the attributes such as public finance, business finance and personal finance. In order, the corporate capital includes the sum of money invested on organizations total assets and foreign capital. Moreover, introducing new technology to CKC nursery might be costly at first but its long-term investment will improve its management utility. Items Expenses CCTV cameras 1200 Childcare management software 1400 Training and development 1000 Monitoring screen 2000 Tablets 1500 Touch screen receptor 400 Total 7500 Human resources CKC nursery will play an important role in developing it better by making a success factor provided by its employees. Human resources also build a better understanding by having employment relations on workforce and sustaining it through good work practices. Physical resources Under CKC setting, the physical assets would be specific to develop the nursery with proper facilities. Effective management of a physical resource may be an important consideration to business because the physical infrastructure effects the environmental requirements, power usage and other monitoring systems of CKC nursery Proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification and procedures The researcher has chosen several surveys and questionnaires that will be easy to provide a proper answer. The researcher helps to make relevant questionnaires that will represent the target population with suitable outcomes. However, the researcher has taken 20 interviews and 10 surveys in the CKC nursery through a charitable foundation. Primary data consists of valid information that would be available while conducting the research. However, the researcher has provided an insight by reviewing the secondary research and analyzing it by collecting primary data whereas secondary data includes information collected from the governmental organizations, organizational data and records, and information from governmental departments. Recorded and collated relevant data Under the event, the purpose of the research remains effective if the program would entertain a large scale of research activity. Under these, the researcher has included two segments that are Knowledge and understanding and Performance criteria. Appropriate evaluation techniques for evaluating the findings The evaluation techniques are as follows: Research philosophy Research strategy Data collection methods- Primary and Secondary data Interviews Questionnaire/ surveys Experimental methods Sampling methods Action Plan Interpreting and analyzing the results in terms of the original research specification Quantitative questionnaires Questionnaires for children Question 1 What is the age group of children? Analysis In this section, the age group of the children in the charitable nursery is configured by a percentage that would be greater. The 3-18 age group year includes 25% whereas age group of 18 months- 3 years includes 60 % whereas the age group of 3-5 includes 15%. The age group of children will be helpful in analyzing the number by the other members of the CKC nursery that includes staffs and the trustees. Question 2 How far have you been satisfied that operation of CKC nursery would be helpful for decision-making? Analysis The researcher has improved operation of CKC nursery by adding decision-making process with the help of new technology. The parents are strongly satisfied that evolve with 18% whereas the satisfied members include 6%. Moreover, the neutral respondents evolve with a 12%. Moreover, dissatisfied parents include 29% while those who are strongly satisfied evolve with 35% respectively. This will help to initialize further development through bringing new techniques from the traditional method. Questionnaires for parents Question 3 What is the gender of Parents? Analysis The gender of the parents under the charitable nursery includes a good percentage through CKC setting. It evolves good as the male respondents include 80% whereas the female members include a percentage of 20%. The gender will analyze the number of male and female parents of the children in CKC setting. Question 4 How far have you been satisfied that improving the management would be helpful for introducing new technology in the CKC setting? Analysis The idea the researcher has improved through the management would be helpful in introducing a new technology under the CKC setting. The parents are strongly satisfied that evolve with 15% whereas the satisfied members include 10%. Moreover, the neutral respondents evolve with a 20%. Moreover, dissatisfied parents include 25% while those who are strongly satisfied evolve with 30% respectively. Thus, improving the management would be helpful by introducing new techniques that avails market opportunity among the parents. Questionnaire for Staffs Question 5 How far do you agree that increasing the performance of the management would be effective in decision-making for staffs? Analysis In this section, the increasing performance of the management would be effective in decision-process in CKC setting under charitable trust. The staffs that strongly agree evolve with 23% whereas those agree evolve with 15% respectively. In order, the neutral areas include a percentage of 8% and those who disagree evolve with 31%. In order, those respondents that strongly disagrees evolve with 23% respectively. Thus, increasing the performance of the management helps the staffs and make good availability in decision-making process by looking at the staffs of CKC setting. Question 6 What are the areas for getting accurate information that will help the management in CKC setting for the staffs? Analysis To get accurate information, there would be a good way to restrain the policies of the management in CKC setting. The decision process among the staffs includes 20% whereas forecasting includes 35%. In order, future planning includes a percentage of 20% and introducing new technology evolves with 25%. Here, decision-making and planning are the two concepts that would be reliable in introducing new plans for development. Questionnaires for trustees Question 7 What is the annual income of trustees? Analysis In this section, the annual income of the trustees in the charitable nursery that is below 1 million is 25% whereas those, which belong to 1-10 million belongs to 35% respectively. In order, there are 10-20 million includes 25% and those fall in the group of 20 million evolve as 15% respectively. Thus, the more the income would be, the higher would be the growth of the charitable foundation of the nursery. Question 8 How far do you believe that trustees have a good opinion for improving technology in CKC setting? Analysis The section includes the trustees that have a strong opinion in improving the CKC setting on charitable nursery. Here, the trustees that strongly believe evolve as 20%, whereas those believe include as 40%. In order, the neutral venues include a percentage of 20 whereas those who disbelieve include as 20% and the sections that strongly disbelieve evolve as 20% respectively. Thus, improving new technology would be effective in development and bringing plans that would be suitable for introducing technological changes. Qualitative questions Question 1 What are the benefits from introducing new technology to a small nursery that is using traditional method in its management? Technology plays an important role to the nurseries in CKC setting. Since technology has developed effectively in transforming the business, this will manage and develop ideas by seeking internal knowledge. The first staff has created an environmental free area where children can practice new business roles. In order, the third parent has developed a paradigm that would assist children to use traditional method under the management. It functions effectively, if channel partners create an event to modernize business process under the CKC setting. The sixth trustee has developed a technique where using games in the playground of the nursery will be an effective area for management. The eighth parent has found a program that will make new game plans for development whereas the tenth trustee has revised the same policy. Question 2 How would you build an effective communication between parents and the pre-school management? There are positive benefits where children can produce effective communication between parents and the pre-school management. The second parent has stated that parents benefit from the children's education by getting new ideas from school. It also helps to support their children and by learning more about the school's academic program. Besides, the fourth trustee and the ninth staff have developed a two-way communication between families and schools that is necessary for childs success. Opportunities include parent conferences, emails, phone calls, etc. Moreover, the fifth parent has developed a personal contact between children and parents by telephonic calls, home visits and others. The seventh trustee has laid a technique where there will be possible areas of building communication among parents and school through using video calls. Conclusions The research concludes an authentic explanation by providing a platform to the charitable trust under CKC setting in UK. In order, the background of the study is explained with a rationale of the topic. The orientation of the topic also explains importance of professional development by aligning key activities to fulfill the desires of people. In order, research methodology drives the research forward through execution of primary and secondary data Justification of the Recommendations Involving the parents for better progression in business Making accurate records and tracking the data on a regular basis Managing the paperwork of the nursery through an effective manner Outcomes of the research The outcome of the research will produce a valid point by making experimentations and questionnaires through case studies. It would also measure the variables by asking questions relatively and solving one by one. Moreover, the workforce strategy of CKC setting in nursery will play an important role in developing it better by making a success factor. Conclusion Account of the factors that contribute to the process of research project selection Ways to increase the performance management with the use of new technology on decision-making. Reducing time consumption by swapping traditional methods will ease access information. Ways to build an effective communication between parents and pre-school management using new technology. Critical review of existing information for the selected topic The selected topic establishes a link that will be persistent by improve the management by introducing new technology through CKC setting through professional development. The topic also helps to make effectiveness of technology by contributing management in pre-school field. In order, providing accurate information and data with help the management through decision-making, future planning and forecasting. Research project proposal that includes an appropriate plan and procedures for the carrying out the research Recommendations and conclusion Recommendations The researcher has made suitable recommendations to improve the nursery through: Involving the parents for better progression in business Making accurate records and tracking the data on a regular basis Managing the paperwork of the nursery through an effective manner Conclusion The research concludes an authentic explanation by providing a platform to the charitable trust under CKC setting in UK. In order, the background of the study is explained with a rationale of the topic. The orientation of the topic also explains importance of professional development by aligning key activities in fulfilling the desires of the people. In order, research methodology drives the research forward through execution of primary and secondary data. The fourth chapter describes the analysis created from the section 2 with relevant questionnaires through graphs, tables, figures, etc. Moreover, an action plan is created to develop the subject area with the help of face-to-face interviews, surveys, case studies, and other experimental methods. Reference List 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012). Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Abu Hasan, H., Frecknall-Hughes, J., Heald, D. and Hodges, R. (2013). Auditee Perceptions of External Evaluations of the Use of Resources by Local Authorities. Financial Accountability Management, 29(3), pp.291-326. Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance management. Boston: Pearson. Al, S. (2013). Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352. Alexandrou, A. (2013). Teachers learning: professional development and education. Professional Development in Education, 40(2), pp.322-324. Alirezaei, R. (2013). Professional SharePoint 2013 development. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. (2013). Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE Publications. Armitage, A. (2012). A Methodology of the Imagination. JBAR, 1(1). Bashevis, Y. and Weidenseld, Y. (2013). Professional development. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. Bates, T. (2012). Professional learning in professional communities: the ultimate goal. Professional Development in Education, 38(4), pp.511-516. Biddle, J. and Emmett, R. (2013). A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013). Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Corti, L. (2012). Recent developments in archiving social research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(4), pp.281-290. Dicko, S. and El Ibrami, H. (2013). Directors Connections, Financial Resources and Performance: An In-Depth Analysis of Canadian Companies. IJBM, 8(10). Fiorito, L., Scheall, S. and Suprinyak, C. (2015). A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Fram, S. (2014). When to use what research design. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(3), pp.322-324. Frost, D. (2012). From professional development to system change: teacher leadership and innovation. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), pp.205-227. Gobo, G. (2011). Glocalizing methodology? The encounter between local methodologies. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 14(6), pp.417-437. Goodson, I., Loveless, A. and Stephens, D. (2012). Explorations in narrative research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Graal, N. (2012). Continuing professional development in the lifelong learning sector. Professional Development in Education, 38(1), pp.154-155. Green, G. (2011). Experimental validation of the RI design evaluation methodology. J. of Design Research, 9(1), p.1. Hammersley, M. (2014). On ethical principles for social research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(4), pp.433-449. Hantrais, L. (2014). Methodological pluralism in international comparative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(2), pp.133-145. Hudson, P. (2013). Mentoring as professional development: growth for both mentor and mentee. Professional Development in Education, 39(5), pp.771-783. Lange, T. and Meaney, T. (2013). Professional development facilitators: reflecting on our practice. Professional Development in Education, 39(4), pp.531-549. Mattone, J. (2013). Powerful performance management. New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Mayer, T. and Steneck, N. (2012). Promoting research integrity in a global environment. Hackensack, N.J.: World Scientific. Nielsen, S. and Hunter, D. (2013). Performance management and evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Paladino, B. (2013). Corporate performance management best practices. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Rostron, B. (2013). Methodology, Menthol, and Mortality. Nicotine Tobacco Research, 15(2), pp.619-619. Ryen, A. and Gobo, G. (2011). Managing the decline of globalized methodology. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 14(6), pp.411-415. Salaberry, M. and Comajoan, L. (2013). Research Design and Methodology in Studies on L2 Tense and Aspect. Boston: De Gruyter. Salkind, N. (2012). Exploring research. Boston: Pearson. Sullivan, M. (2014). Modal Logic as Methodology. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 88(3), pp.734-743. Swaffield, S. (2014). Models of professional learning and the global imperative of professional development in education. Professional Development in Education, 40(3), pp.331-335. Ters, H. (2014). Collaborative online professional development for teachers in higher education. Professional Development in Education, 42(2), pp.258-275. Torrance, D. (2014). Professional learning for distributed leadership: primary headteachers perspectives. Professional Development in Education, 41(3), pp.487-507. Wells, M. (2013). Elements of effective and sustainable professional learning. Professional Development in Education, 40(3), pp.488-504. Zanutto, A. (2013). Handbook of constructionist research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(1), pp.87-89. Zeff, H. and Characklis, G. (2013). Managing water utility financial risks through third-party index insurance contracts. Water Resources Research, 49(8), pp.4939-4951.

Main Risk Factors Of Colorectal Cance

Question: What are the Risk factors of Colorectal Cancer? Analisys and Comparison in Risk Factors. Answer: Introduction The rising incidences of cancer worldwide have compelled the researchers to conduct enough researches and investigatory studies for the purpose of gaining adequate information and requisite knowledge pertaining to specific cancer types thwarting the lives of many. In this context colorectal cancer may be referred to that has been identified as a leading type of cancer affecting a large population globally. Uncontrolled proliferation of the cells in the colon and rectum accounts for the formation of timorous growths in these regions thereby causing colorectal cancer. Synonymously colorectal cancer is also denoted by the names of bowel cancer or rectal cancer or colon cancer. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), colorectal cancer has been mentioned as the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. The rates of incidences associated to colorectal cancer are more frequent in the developed nations compared to the developing countries. However, recent evidences suggest that the number is surging even in the developing countries with the chances being more high in case of the first generation migrants travelling from a less risky nation to a country with higher vulnerability (who.int, 2017). The malignant tumors in case of colorectal cancer may metastasize to other bodily parts and cause damage there. Signs and symptoms related to this clinical condition include pain in the abdomen, blood in stool and altered bowel habits that persist longer than a week (webmd.com, 2017). Therefore, a thorough understanding and insight into the matter pertinent to colorectal cancer is essential to get a glimpse of the risk factors that predisposes an individual of developing cancer and taking precautions congruent to the detected risk determinant. Unlike any other preventable diseases colorectal cancer posses certain modifiable as well non-modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable risk fa ctors encompass the issues related to older age, racial and ethnic status, personal history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease or Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis, family history linked to adenomatous polyps or colorectal cancer, inherited syndromes and even chronic ailments like type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, the modifiable risk factors may be intimately related to the various lifestyle issues that normally include being overweight or obese, lack of physical activity, smoking habit, heavy alcohol consumption, intake of diets rich in calories, animal fats, saturated fats, and low in dietary fiber (www.webmd.com., 2016). Other lesser known risk factors that might influence the harbor of colorectal cancer include work in the night shifts for a considerable duration of time, previous exposures to treatments of other cancers such as testicular cancer, prostate cancer. Gender variation in the development of the disease often occurs in persons who are previously exposed to intervention modalities due to other cancer types. Thus the analysis of the epidemiological information concerning colorectal cancer will ensure reduced morbidity and mortality through adoption of suitable preventive strategies (Haggar Boushey, 2009). Screening of familial and hereditary history in conjunction with the modulation of the environmental lifestyle related risk factors may thus benefit the persons affected by colorectal cancer. Research Objectives Identification of the range of risk factors associated to the development of colorectal cancer and detection of the vital one from them Role of each of the detected risk factors in cancer prognosis Understanding the relationship between each of the factors and recognition of the relative risk Implementation of suitable preventive strategies based on the identifiable risk factors Search and Review Strategy Based on the objectives of the research, the methodology was structured in a manner that suits the purpose. A systemic review of literature was done utilizing the bibliographic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct for procuring the information from the peer reviewed journals and articles. Critical appraisal and careful scrutinizing of the facts in the sorted research articles was performed to retrieve the relevant data in compliance with the projected objectives. Secondary research methodology has the advantage over primary research in terms of providing quicker and cost effective technique to harness the desired outcomes. In view of the search strategy, keywords like risks and colorectal cancer together with a series of filters such as recent publications (last 10 years) were applied. Articles containing findings related to animal studies were excluded from the adopted search strategy. Literature Review Colorectal cancer has prominent and dynamic interactions with a multiple of factors that determine the course of the disease in the susceptible persons who are likely to be predisposed to the conditions necessary to trigger the biological pathways that ultimately leads to carcinogenicity. The most common identified factors in this respect encompass a wide variety, some of which are modifiable while the remaining ones are non-modifiable. Among the modifiable risk factors, lifestyle pattern associated with the practice of engaging in physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and the propensity to develop obesity along with other metabolic syndromes and diet are the chief ones. Moreover prior exposure to states of chronic diseases as well as carcinomas has been found to increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Certain liver diseases also predispose a person to harbor colorectal cancer. Further recent studies have revealed valid linkage between certain pathological conditions and colorectal cancer. Race, ethnicity and age also act as major determinants of colorectal etiology. Other factors such as working in the night shift are other potential reasons for the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Hence in this chapter, the factors associated will be discussed in details to provide a thorough insight into the matter pertaining to colorectal cancer. Dietary Influence In this respect diet plays a crucial role in which varied nutritional practices influence the occurrence of the disease (Song, Garrett Chan, 2015). Dietary impacts on colorectal cancer have recently received much attention that stated the potential negative effects of the diet high in fat particularly of animal origin. Studies confirmed that increased consumption of red meat as well as processed meat accentuates the risk of developing the disease (Aykan, 2015). Red meat is linked to stronger association for rectal cancer while processed meat accounted for higher propensity towards distal colon cancer. The presence of heme iron in red meat accounts for the potential underlying mechanisms that acts as the etiologic factor for the development of the disease. Cooking procedures for meats like grilling, boiling or frying that utilize high temperature cooking causes the generation of certain carcinogenic chemicals like heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that in turn increase the likelihood for colorectal cancer (Larsson Wolk, 2006). Fat has also been suggested as a potential etiologic factor linking to the concept of Western diet that favors the growth of microbial flora that are sufficient to degrade the bile salts to potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (Bardou, Barkun Martel, 2013). A contrast picture is cited in studies that state that the following of a Mediterranean diet comprising of ample amount of vegetables and olive oil but moderate amount of protein harbored positive benefits and outcomes in colorectal cancer risk assessment. The clinical manifestations are found to be more prominent in women rather than men. Further studies imply that dietary fibers may positively influence colorectal cancer by means of diluting the fecal content, increasing fecal bulk and reducing transit time (Bamia et al., 20.13). Studies relevant to the dietary regime in the patients suffering from colorectal cancer clearly indicate that it plays a pivotal role in the disease prognosis. Diet high in saturated fats, animal protein, calories seems to negatively impact the risk related to colorectal cancer. The cytoprotective action of certain prebiotics and probiotics were suggested in certain studies. Synbiotic intervention caused significant alterations in fecal flora. Colorectal cancer biomarkers were modulated favorably by man of symbiotic intervention. Clostridium perfringens decreased while Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium increased concomitantly. In case of the polypectomized patients, declining levels of colorectal proliferation supported by the necrosis in the colorectal cells through fecal water and improved barrier function of the epithelial barrier. At the end of the intervention period, a reduced exposure to genotoxins was noted in genotoxicity assays of colonic biopsy. interferon expression was increased in cancer cells while peripheral blood mononuclear cells caused increased secretion of interleukin 2 by virtue of prevention offered through symbiotic consumption (Rafter et al., 2007). Further studies relevant to nutritional supplements and necessary nutrients provided by vegetables and fruits indicate the relative efficacy of the phytochemicals (Li et al., 2015). In this context epidemiological studies concerning the cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts and other green leafy vegetable of similar kinds were revealed to exhibit potential roles in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. Cruciferous vegetables are found to be rich sources of glucosinolates, and their hydrolysis products consisting of the isothiocyanates and indoles offer protective actions against possible cancer. However, the individual genetic polymorphism in metabolism and elimination of the isothiocyanates from the body may affect the protective effects. Bioavailab ility coupled with intake of glucosinates in addition to its derivatives is also affected by the cooking procedures (Higdon et al., 2007). In humans the chemoprevention role is achievable by the enhanced absorption of anthocyanins and their derivatives. The most important, abundant and indispensable flavonoid constituent of fruits and vegetables are the anthocyanins that contribute towards cancer prevention in humans (Wang Stoner, 2008). In view of the findings that encourage healthy eating through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, the roles of vitamins and minerals that are present in them are explicitly defined. The role of vitamin C has been found to have beneficial effect in combating the negative impacts of colorectal cancer. Empirical researches provide evidence that further protection is conferred upon abundant intake of food rich in folates against development of colorectal cancer (Cho et al., 2015). A number of intrinsic and extrinsic modifiers are responsibl e for defining the relationship between the folate exposure and risk for colorectal cancer. Intake of other three B vitamins in combination with the folate therapy accounts for the effective operation of the 1 carbon pathway and synthesis of the nucleotides. The Wnt signaling pathway cascade is the identified mechanism that support for the cancer protective action. Ongoing researches have also taken into careful consideration whether excessive intakes of intake by the parents have any paradoxical cancer promoting impact on the consecutive generation offspring (Mason, 2016). Therefore recommendations for healthy eating comprising of diets rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains are made to fight the nuances of colorectal cancer. Lifestyle Factors The changing patterns of lifestyle mostly of sedentary types, in todays modern world also act as a major contributor for increasing the risk for colorectal cancer in certain vulnerable population. Recent researches have focused on regulating factors of lifestyle that directly or indirectly affect the colorectal cancer prognosis (Durko Malecka-Panas, 2014). Age and educational level have been revealed to affect the awareness of lifestyle factors related to colorectal cancer. Results have suggested that initiatives are desirable for the vulnerable population of young people who are likely to benefit most out of declining levels of risk. The findings of relevant study suggest that most of the people were unaware about the cure pertinent to colorectal cancer if diagnosis is done early. Knowledge concerning the dietary planning was found to be better with respect to risks related to weight and physical activity. Further studies suggest that lower educational level was intimately linked t o poor awareness regarding the screening and preventive strategies of colorectal cancer (Siegel, DeSantis Jemal, 2014). Hence, screening promotion should aim to foster awareness among the public at large particularly among those above the age of 50 years who are more prone to harbor colorectal cancer (Lynes et al., 2016). Several modifiable lifestyle risk factors particularly of smoking and alcohol are linked to the development of serrated polyps (Shrubsole et al., 2008). The identifiable risk factors that relate to the risk of colorectal cancer encompass alcohol, smoking, body fatness, physical activity, diet, medication and hormone replacement therapy. Significant increase in risk for serrated polyp as occurring in cases of colorectal cancer include the associations of several risk factors including alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, body mass index and high intake of meat or fat. Direct linking between smoking and alcohol but not body fat accounted to be stronger in case of s essile serrated adenomas compared to the hyperplastic polyps. Contrarily, decreased risk for serrated polyp includes factors related to the use of the non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs or aspirin, in combination with high intake of calcium, folate or calcium. Risk of serrated polyp did not show any significant relation between physical activity and hormone replacement therapy (Bailie, Loughrey Coleman, 2016). Another study relevant to the Canadian population of 15-49 years critically analyzed the trends in modifiable risk factors related to colorectal cancer. The results of the study brought to the forefront that excess weight is prevalent among the young adults. Therefore, excess weight has been detected as a possible factor contributing to the rising incidence of colorectal cancer. Moreover, the rising trend in increasing weight among the younger generations in the Canadian population seems to impact the risk status for colorectal cancer (Patel De, 2016). Further studies hav e supported that genetic factors and lifestyle are intimately associated to the development of colorectal cancer. Increased risk of colorectal cancer was found in cases of methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) polymorphism, 5? UTR repeat polymorphism. LL genotype was found to be more frequent in case of people suffering from colorectal cancer. Further, alcohol has been also found to be significantly associated with the risk for harboring colorectal cancer (Baroudi Benammar-elgaaied, 2016). Another study concerning the New Zealand population also combined the various aspects of lifestyle that lead to colorectal cancer. In this regard, several risk factors have been identified that evaluated and estimated the effect of reducing the exposure relating to the identifiable risk factors. Lower risk for developing bowel cancer has been attributed to the reduction in obesity, smoking, alcohol intake and consumption of processed and red meat along with simultaneous increase in physical activity (Richardson et al., 2016). A sedentary lifestyle in combination to a number of possible factors accounts for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in persons who are affected by the condition. Inflammatory Condition and Pathologic Diseases There have been wide speculations relating to the chronic inflammatory state that might be a major contributing factor to the genesis of cancer pathogenesis. Prior exposure to other diseases or carcinomas predisposes a person to exhibit the symptoms associated to colorectal cancer. Patients with previous history of ulcerative colitis are much more vulnerable to encounter conditions relating to colorectal cancer. Moreover, personal history of colorectal polyp or colorectal cancer also contributes to making a person more prone to encounter conditions of colorectal cancer (Imperiale et al., 2014). Findings revealed that Crohns disease characterized by chronic inflammation state that poses as a vital risk factor for colorectal carcinoma. The state of chronic inflammation creates a suitable microenvironment ideal for the onset and progression of carcinogenesis pertaining to colorectal cancer. A proinflammatory state along with chronic states of inflammation thus pave the way for creating environments convenient for the growth of the cancer cells (dos Santos Barbosa, 2016). Another study suggests obesity and diabetes as the prognostic factors affecting the development of colorectal cancer, one of the most common types of carcinoma in both men and women (Ma et al., 2013). Obesity is a crucial risk factor that has the capacity of expressing inflammatory markers, a major determinant of this metabolic syndrome. Further it has been implied through prospective studies that type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes) has the potential of increasing the likelihood of occurrences for colorectal cancer. Type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer share common risk factor such as obesity or being overweight. Analysis of the risk factors provide evidence that type 2 diabetes has an increased risk of harboring the colorectal cancer symptoms in addition to having less favorable prognosis for the disease. Hence prognostic indications for colorectal cancer are provided by virtue of metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity where marked changes in the body responses to inflammation and associated events are prominent (Voutsadakis, 2016). Studies relevant to the assessment of outcomes in patients affected by ulcerative colitis with low grade dysplasia indicate the rapid progression of the symptoms in these patients towards colorectal cancer undergoing surveillance. The risk of harboring colorectal cancer increased manifolds in patients who are suffering from low grade dysplasia like condition (Fumery et al., 2016). Another counter study reveals that patients with colorectal cancer are at an increased risk of developing conditions associated with venous thromboembolism, heart disease, stroke and myelodysplastic syndrome (Bianconi et al., 2015). Utilizations of the erythropoietic stimulating agents accounted for significant increased association between the proportionate rises in the risk for myelodysplastic syndrome in patients encountering colorectal cancer related symptoms (Du Zhang, 2015). Further epidemiological studies relevant to colorectal cancer corroborate with the findings from past studies and showed that the modifiable risk factors such as that of diet and lifestyle issues have the potential of transforming the scenario through proper awareness and disease mitigation strategies (Kim, 2009). Pathologies and Colorectal Cancer Risk Further analysis of studies relevant to the risk factors pertaining to colorectal cancer brought to the forefront the associations and propensity of various diseases. Risk of colorectal cancer was documented in cases of chronic liver diseases subjected to before and after liver transplantations (Komaki, Komaki Sakuraba, 2016). In general obesity and metabolic syndrome are found to increase the likelihood of cancer. In addition to this, liver diseases especially of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have been found to be closely associated with colorectal cancer. Another exploratory study concerning the association between Parkinsonism and colorectal cancer has been linked to the risk of the disease. In the Western population, patients suffering from the neurodegenerative disease of Parkinsons disease were significantly related to the decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Similar studies in the Asian context, needs to be further explored to get an idea of the association . The inverse relation between Parkinsonism and colorectal cancer needs to be further assessed to confirm the study findings (Xie, Luo Xie, 2016). Hence a deeper probe into the reduced risk associated with the non-melanoma cancer in Parkinsons disease must be reconfirmed through further epidemiological studies. Subsequent studies provide evidence providing the distinctions between sessile serrated adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas compared to the hyperplastic polyps. Both sessile as well as traditional serrated adenomas are identified as the identifiable precursors to colorectal cancer. Results of the studies exposed the increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with sessile serrated adenomas or traditional serrated adenomas. The level of risk was found to be similar or higher compared to the presence of conventional adenomas in the concerned patients (Erichsen et al., 2016). Thus the clinical relevance of the advanced adenomas must be carefully recognized and treated a ccordingly since most colorectal cancers are found to develop from adenomas. Further accounting to the inverse association of the adenoma detection rate with the risks of developing colorectal cancer, timely diagnosis and intervention may yield positive outcomes through mitigation of the risk factors. Age Another study examined the risk factors associated with the development of colorectal neoplasia in individuals below the age of 50 years. Evaluation of the risk factors for colorectal cancer was studied extensively in case of population belonging to the age group of 30-39 years and others. A thorough cross-sectional observational investigation of the risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in conjunction with comparison between persons belonging to varied age group ranges was conducted. The adult cohort groups selected for the study comprised of populations belonging to the age group of 30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years. Findings revealed that for the 30-39 years group, male gender, fatty liver, smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome, elevated triglycerides level and elevated fasting blood glucose levels were linked to overall neoplasia. Final interpretation of the study suggests obese male smokers with fatty liver and metabolic syndrome might harbor benefits from screening below the age of 50 years (Jung et al., 2015). Therefore as per empirical research findings, the risk of getting colorectal cancer is found to increase with age and the risk is even more in men than in women. As a person tend to get older the likelihood of harboring colorectal cancer increases manifolds. However colorectal cancer has also been found to occur among teenagers as well as young adults, but more than 90% of colorectal cancer happens in persons older than 50 years. Thus, persons attaining old age must undergo screening from time to time to allay the possibility of harboring the disease and reduce the risk legitimately. Familial history, Race and Ethnicity Race and ethnicity has also been suggested as crucial factors that determine the course and relative increased rates of occurrence of colorectal cancer pathogenesis in certain population with respect to other vulnerable groups. In the United States, the Afro-Americans were found to be affected more by colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates. Even the Jews having the Eastern European descent, possess the relative higher risks for colorectal cancer compared to any other ethnic groups in the world. The causes for such disproportionate distribution of relative propensity to the development of colorectal cancer have been attributed to various genetic mutations (cancer.org, 2017). In this regard, novel recommendations pertaining to inflammatory bowel disease related to the screening and surveillance in case of the moderate and high risk populations. The recommendations include the guidelines for the frequency of screenings for people at higher risk and those at moderate risk of har boring the disease due to familial history of colorectal cancer. Accordingly, case appropriate techniques and methods are suggested for the vulnerable populations (Cairns et al., 2010). More studies concerning the colorectal cancer constitute screening protocol to determine the relative risk in the concerned groups in an effort to mitigate the rates of colorectal cancer incidences and mortality rates. Study has recommended the utilization of flexible sigmoidoscopy as a safe and practice test applicable for the age group between 55-64 years to offer substantial and long term benefits (Atkin et al., 2010). Based on extensive research based evidences related to colorectal cancer screening and surveillance has outlined specific and updated guidelines to counteract the effects of colorectal cancer thereby allowing provisions for prevention of further recurrences. Estimation of the relative risks associated to each of the techniques necessary to carry out the screening procedures in addit ion to the evaluation of the inconveniences, and cost of every approach were considered. In this regard, suggestions supported by proper evidences have acknowledged the use of novel screening tests such as virtual colonoscopy and tests concerning altered DNA in stool to effectively diagnose and screen patients for colorectal cancer. Alongside the screening programs, recommendations encompassing several paraphernalia and issues including the patients attitudes, insurance coverage, physicians behaviors apart from the surveillances and reminder systems have been made to combat the effects of colorectal cancer (Winawer et al., 2003). In a study pertinent to the racially and ethnically diverse population of Texas, associations between the contextual factors and colorectal cancer were assessed. The study provided evidence that individual characteristics impacted the differential responses for colorectal cancer screening in patients. Population thriving in localities having gory employment rates exhibited negative influence on screening attitudes. A major determinant of health was offered by the neighborhood socio economic disadvantage (Calo et al., 2015). Working in Night Shift and other Surgery or Non-Surgery related risk factor In addition to the dietary pattern alteration, lifestyle related risk factors and familial history of colorectal cancer, other risk factors that relate to the development of the disease include some of the less understood and relatively less explored effects of some aspects. One such less examined aspect considered the associations between night shift working and risk of harboring colorectal cancer. As per the findings of the nurses health study, the risk of developing colorectal cancer, particularly in women increases many folds by working a rotating night shift for at least three nights per month for 15 or more years. The reason has been attributed to the decreased production of melatonin at night time due to exposure to light that has been identified as the anti proliferative effects relevant to the case of intestinal cancers (Schernhammer et al., 2003). An interesting insight into the matter related to colorectal cancer focuses on the complications arising due to colorectal anast omotic leakage following an intraoperative intestinal surgery. The outcomes of the study confer a vivid idea regarding improvement of colorectal care following modification of both surgery related as well as non-surgery related risk factors (van Rooijen et al., 2016). A study aimed to identify the risk factors linked to advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer, resorted to a population based colorectal cancer colonoscopy screening program. It was found by means of this investigation that elderly screening participants, subjects with lower intake of calcium, ones having a familial history of colorectal cancer, as well as the smokers are at a relatively higher risk of presenting detectable advanced colorectal neoplasia at screening colonoscopy (Stegeman et al., 2013). Another study evaluated the linkage between expanded health belief model factors and colorectal cancer screening. The factors associated with screening included self efficacy, stage of readiness and discussion with provide rs. The findings of the study predicted the outcomes in patients who are likely to engage in colorectal cancer screening. However, knowledge and barriers were not independently associated with screening (Sohler, Jerant Franks, 2015). The study relevant to associations between colorectal cancer occurrences after colonoscopy that did not show the diagnosis of colorectal cancer based on hospital based statistics. Post colonoscopy colorectal cancer was found to be intricately related to female gender, older age, elective procedures, rising comorbidity, colorectal cancer on the right side of the colon, and colonoscopy volume. Post colonoscopy colon cancer was linked to worse outcomes (Cheung et al., 2016). Cancer recurrence was evaluated by virtue of a retrospective study. The findings suggest that the patients who underwent endoscopic resection for T1 colorectal cancer alongside those having tumors with only submucosal invasion were found to be at low risk for cancer recurrence (Yoshii i et al., 2014). Therefore, more research and insight regarding the unexplored and less known matters related to colorectal cancer need to be done in order to make the people aware about the harmful effects of the clinical condition. Assessment of risks for colorectal cancer may be done through a number of ways as depicted in relevant research studies. A study conducted among the university students in Jordan evaluated the knowledge and awareness pertaining to colorectal cancer encompassing early warning signs and risk factors involved. The investigation revealed that abdominal pain was the most prominent and detectable warning sign for colorectal cancer among the respondents. Moreover, awareness related to the risk factors for colorectal cancer was found to be lowered compared to awareness regarding the warning signs awareness. Female population were found to be more aware about the symptoms related to colorectal cancer and unhealthy diet was recognized to be a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer among the respondents. Students engaged to studying medical related specialities were found to be more aware about the risk and associated warning signs for colorectal cancer. Continuous education programs, lect ures or campaigns are thus desirable to promote early detection of colorectal cancer (Mhaidat et al., 2016). An exploratory study aimed to determine the risk factors of stenosis that occurs after endoscopic submucosal dissection that enables en bloc removal of large colorectal neoplasms. Post colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection, circumferential mucosal defect above 90% poses significant risk factor of stenosis (Hayashi et al., 2016). Another study brought to the forefront increased risk of colorectal cancer for women subjected to hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Generally women having susceptible genes for ovarian cancer or metacarcinoma undergo hysterectomy or oophorectomy and the associations between the performed operations with increased morbidity of colorectal cancer have been found as important indicator for public health guidelines (Luo et al., 2016). Further a review study focused on the current knowledge pertaining to colorectal cancer in view of the common molecular m odifications through effective interactions between different environmental and non-environmental factors. The most potential treatment interventions are thereby discussed in keeping with the identified altered pathways. Somatic mutations in response to environmental factors have been implicated as the major reason behind the non-hereditary causes for the development of colorectal cancer. Hence preventive and combat strategies are improvised likewise to assess the efficacy of the efficacy of the identified causative factors (Aran et al., 2016). Recent researches have highlighted the utilization and incorporation of non-genetic risk factors in addition to behavioral modifications to predict risks associated with colorectal cancer. Modeling of lifestyle factors ranging from alcohol consumption in conjunction with genetic risk is capable of offering beneficial techniques to select persons for screening of colorectal cancer risk (Yarnall, Crouch Lewis, 2013). The risk of colorectal can cer related to the inflammatory biomarkers, aspirin usage has been explored by means of the physician healths study based evidences. The findings indicated that among men population, the plasma inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6 and TNFR-2 were found to be not significantly related with colorectal cancer although a statistically non-significant positive relation between TNFR-2 and subsequent risk for colorectal cancer was evident in the studied group (Kim et al., 2016). Hence, the provisions for care and preventive techniques associated with the risk of colorectal cancer need to be carefully analyzed to render effective and appropriate treatment intervention. The clinical condition of colorectal cancer is a multi faceted disorder that seems to be affected by means of several independent risk factors that in turn affect the progression and outcomes of the disease. The risk factors associated with colorectal cancer comprise of numerous factors that may be either modified or cannot be modified. The modifiable risk factors are mostly associated with lifestyle orientation in an individual. In this context, dietary pattern are found to play an important role in predisposing a person towards the development of colorectal cancer. A diet high in saturated fats, animal protein and processed meat are likely to be at a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Further studies provide evidence that lack of enough micronutrients like calcium in food supported by less presence of dietary fiber also account for increased risk of colorectal cancer. Smoking habits as well as habit of alcohol intake in excess also increase the likelihood of developing colorectal ca ncer. Therefore following of a healthy diet comprising of sufficient amount of fruits, vegetables and whole grains is highly recommendable to combat the risks associated with colorectal cancer. Further cancer likelihood increases by means of faulty cooking procedures like frying, grilling and others at high temperatures that lead to the generation of carcinogenic chemicals. Chronic state of low grade inflammations as evident in conditions pertaining to obesity also poses threat of developing colorectal cancer. In both men and women, being overweight poses similar risk factors for colorectal cancer. Further study has indicated that persons who are accustomed to leading sedentary life and having lack of physical activity in their routine lives are more vulnerable to harbor colorectal cancer symptoms. Thus prescription of adequate physical exercise in daily lives might help in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover effective lifestyle modifications may be achieved by one thro ugh shunning of the smoking habit and reducing the consumption of alcohol which in turn account for declined risk for colorectal carcinoma. On the other hand the non-modifiable risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer encompass a multiple issues ranging from age, race and ethnicity, personal history of chronic diseases or colorectal cancer, familial history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps in addition to type 2 diabetes. Personal history of colorectal cancer in conjunction with other diseases such as Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease, dysplsia also account for increased risk for colorectal cancer. Previous exposure to colorectal cancer also increases the propensity for the concerned disease. As per research, inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), gardner syndrome, Turncot syndrome, Lynch syndrome also increase the risk of colorectal carcinoma in individuals having familial history of the dis ease. In males, testicular cancer as well as prostate cancer also accentuates the likelihood of the disease while in female hysterectomy or oopherectomy account for similar outcomes. Empirical research findings also revealed night shift work as a potential cause for colorectal cancer. Thus assessing from the results of the research findings through extensive literature review it may be suggested that following of a healthy and productive life in combination with proper dietary regime, adequate exercise intervention as well as elimination of smoking and alcohol drinking habits might harbor positive outcomes in persons who are at the risk of developing colorectal cancer. However the non-modifiable risk factors can only be kept at bay through proper screening and adopting appropriate strategies to combat the effects. Thus the need for a proper screening and surveillance strategy to cater to the needs and demands of the patients has been suggested by the appropriate regulatory authoriti es to address the various issues relevant to colorectal cancer. References: Aran, V., Victorino, A. P., Thuler, L. C., Ferreira, C. G. (2016). Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Disease Mechanisms and Interventions to Reduce Onset and Mortality.Clinical colorectal cancer. Atkin, W. S., Edwards, R., Kralj-Hans, I., Wooldrage, K., Hart, A. R., Northover, J. M., UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial Investigators. (2010). Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,375(9726), 1624-1633. Aykan, N. F. (2015). Red Meat and Colorectal Cancer. Oncology reviews, 9(1), 288-288. Bailie, L., Loughrey, M. B., Coleman, H. G. (2016). Lifestyle Risk Factors for Serrated Colorectal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Gastroenterology. Bamia, C., Lagiou, P., Buckland, G., Grioni, S., Agnoli, C., Taylor, A. J., Cottet, V. (2013). Mediterranean diet and colorectal cancer risk: results from a European cohort.European journal of epidemiology,28(4), 317-328. Bardou, M., Barkun, A. N., Martel, M. (2013). Obesity and colorectal cancer. Gut, 62(6), 933-947. Baroudi, O., Benammar-elgaaied, A. (2016). Involvement of genetic factors and lifestyle on the occurrence of colorectal and gastric cancer.Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology,107, 72-81. Bianconi, D., Schuler, A., Pausz, C., Geroldinger, A., Kaider, A., Lenz, H. J., Ay, C. (2015). Integrin beta-3 genetic variants and risk of venous thromboembolism in colorectal cancer patients. Thrombosis research, 136(5), 865-869. Cairns, S. R., Scholefield, J. H., Steele, R. J., Dunlop, M. G., Thomas, H. J., Evans, G. D., Lucassen, A. (2010). Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002).Gut,59(5), 666-689. Calo, W. A., Vernon, S. W., Lairson, D. R., Linder, S. H. (2015). Associations between contextual factors and colorectal cancer screening in a racially and ethnically diverse population in Texas.Cancer epidemiology,39(6), 798-804. Cancer.org,. (2017). Colorectal cancer risk factors. Cancer.org. Retrieved 4 January 2017, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-risk-factors Cheung, D., Evison, F., Patel, P., Trudgill, N. (2016). Factors associated with colorectal cancer occurrence after colonoscopy that did not diagnose colorectal cancer.Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cho, E., Zhang, X., Townsend, M. K., Selhub, J., Paul, L., Rosner, B., Giovannucci, E. L. (2015). Unmetabolized Folic Acid in Prediagnostic Plasma and the Risk for Colorectal Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 107(12), djv260. dos Santos, S. C. D., Barbosa, L. E. R. (2016). Crohn's disease: risk factor for colorectal cancer.Journal of Coloproctology. Du, X. L., Zhang, Y. (2015). Risks of Venous Thromboembolism, Stroke, Heart Disease, and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Associated With Hematopoietic Growth Factors in a Large Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Colorectal Cancer.Clinical colorectal cancer,14(4), e21-e31. Durko, L., Malecka-Panas, E. (2014). Lifestyle modifications and colorectal cancer. Current colorectal cancer reports, 10(1), 45-54. Erichsen, R., Baron, J. A., Hamilton-Dutoit, S. J., Snover, D. C., Torlakovic, E. E., Pedersen, L., Srensen, H. T. (2016). Increased risk of colorectal cancer development among patients with serrated polyps.Gastroenterology,150(4), 895-902. Fumery, M., Dulai, P. S., Gupta, S., Prokop, L. J., Ramamoorthy, S., Sandborn, W. J., Singh, S. (2016). Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis with Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Haggar, F. A., Boushey, R. P. (2009). Colorectal cancer epidemiology: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery,22(04), 191-197. Hayashi, T., Kudo, S. E., Miyachi, H., Sakurai, T., Ishigaki, T., Yagawa, Y., Wakamura, K. (2016). Management and risk factor of stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms.Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Higdon, J. V., Delage, B., Williams, D. E., Dashwood, R. H. (2007). Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis.Pharmacological Research,55(3), 224-236. Imperiale, T. F., Ransohoff, D. F., Itzkowitz, S. H., Levin, T. R., Lavin, P., Lidgard, G. P., Berger, B. M. (2014). Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(14), 1287-1297. Jung, Y. S., Ryu, S., Chang, Y., Yun, K. E., Park, J. H., Kim, H. J., Park, D. I. (2015). Risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in persons aged 30 to 39 years and 40 to 49 years.Gastrointestinal endoscopy,81(3), 637-645. Kim, C., Zhang, X., Chan, A. T., Sesso, H. D., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., Ma, J. (2016). Inflammatory biomarkers, aspirin, and risk of colorectal cancer: Findings from the physicians health study.Cancer Epidemiology,44, 65-70. Kim, D. H. (2009). Risk factors of colorectal cancer.Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology,25(5), 356-362. Komaki, Y., Komaki, F., Sakuraba, A. (2016). Tu1085 Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Chronic Liver Diseases; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Gastroenterology,150(4), S837-S838. Larsson, S. C., Wolk, A. (2006). Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta?analysis of prospective studies.International journal of cancer,119(11), 2657-2664. Li, Y. H., Niu, Y. B., Sun, Y., Zhang, F., Liu, C. X., Fan, L., Mei, Q. B. (2015). Role of phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 21(31), 9262. Luo, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Huang, Y., Yu, Q., Guo, P., Li, K. (2016). Risk of colorectal cancer with hysterectomy and oophorectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International Journal of Surgery,34, 88-95. Lynes, K., Kazmi, S. A., Robery, J. D., Wong, S., Gilbert, D., Thaha, M. A. (2016). Public appreciation of lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer and awareness of bowel cancer screening: A cross-sectional study.International Journal of Surgery,36, 312-318. Ma, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, P., Shi, C., Zou, Y., Qin, H. (2013). Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies. PloS one, 8(1), e53916. Mason, J. B. (2016). Folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A 2016 update.Molecular Aspects of Medicine. Mhaidat, N. M., Al-husein, B. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Hatamleh, D. I., Khader, Y., Matalqah, S., Albsoul, A. (2016). Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Early Warning Signs and Risk Factors among University Students in Jordan.Journal of Cancer Education, 1-9. Patel, P., De, P. (2016). Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and related lifestyle risk factors in 1549-year-olds in Canada, 19692010.Cancer epidemiology,42, 90-100. Rafter, J., Bennett, M., Caderni, G., Clune, Y., Hughes, R., Karlsson, P. C., Rechkemmer, G. (2007). Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients.The American journal of clinical nutrition,85(2), 488-496. Richardson, A., Hayes, J., Frampton, C., Potter, J. (2016). Modifiable lifestyle factors that could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in New Zealand.Ann Richardson,129(1447). Schernhammer, E. S., Laden, F., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., Hunter, D. J., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A. (2003). Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the nurses health study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute,95(11), 825-828. Shrubsole, M. J., Wu, H., Ness, R. M., Shyr, Y., Smalley, W. E., Zheng, W. (2008). Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and risk of colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. American journal of epidemiology, 167(9), 1050-1058. Siegel, R., DeSantis, C., Jemal, A. (2014). Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(2), 104-117. Sohler, N. L., Jerant, A., Franks, P. (2015). Socio-psychological factors in the Expanded Health Belief Model and subsequent colorectal cancer screening.Patient education and counseling,98(7), 901-907. Song, M., Garrett, W. S., Chan, A. T. (2015). Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention. Gastroenterology, 148(6), 1244-1260. Stegeman, I., de Wijkerslooth, T. R., Stoop, E. M., van Leerdam, M. E., Dekker, E., van Ballegooijen, M., Bossuyt, P. M. (2013). Colorectal cancer risk factors in the detection of advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer.Cancer epidemiology,37(3), 278-283. van Rooijen, S. J., Huisman, D., Stuijvenberg, M., Stens, J., Roumen, R. M. H., Daams, F., Slooter, G. D. (2016). Intraoperative modifiable risk factors of colorectal anastomotic leakage: Why surgeons and anesthesiologists should act together.International Journal of Surgery. Voutsadakis, I. A. (2016). Obesity and diabetes as prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer.Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research Reviews. Wang, L. S., Stoner, G. D. (2008). Anthocyanins and their role in cancer prevention.Cancer letters,269(2), 281-290. Webmd.com,. (2017). WebMD Health Search. Webmd.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017, from https://www.webmd.com/search/search_results/default.aspx?query=risk%20factors%20for%20colorectal%20cancer Who.int,. (2017). WHO Press release. Who.int. Retrieved 4 January 2017, from https://www.who.int/whr/1997/media_centre/press_release/en/index1.html Winawer, S., Fletcher, R., Rex, D., Bond, J., Burt, R., Ferrucci, J., Kirk, L. (2003). Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationaleupdate based on new evidence.Gastroenterology,124(2), 544-560. Xie, X., Luo, X., Xie, M. (2016). Association between Parkinson's disease and risk of colorectal cancer.Parkinsonism Related Disorders. Yarnall, J. M., Crouch, D. J., Lewis, C. M. (2013). Incorporating non-genetic risk factors and behavioural modifications into risk prediction models for colorectal cancer.Cancer epidemiology,37(3), 324-329. Yoshii, S., Nojima, M., Nosho, K., Omori, S., Kusumi, T., Okuda, H., Hosokawa, M. (2014). Factors associated with risk for colorectal cancer recurrence after endoscopic resection of T1 tumors.Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology,12(2), 292-302.